Friday 29 November 2013

Narrative Structure (Strangers Amongst Us)

Tim O' Sullivan (1998) and Todorov argues that all media texts tell us some kind of story.
Their purpose is that they provide a way of telling stories about ourselves- not usually our own personal story but rather a story of us 'collectively' as a society or set of cultures.

The narrative theory was designed to show that what we experience when we read a story is to understand a particular set of constructions or conventions, and it is important to be aware of how these elements fit together.


How does it apply to my work?
Above I have a diagram of structure and notes I taken from Class. Prior to coming up with an idea, I went to consult my teacher about it and I was taught 'The Narrative Theory' and how I can use it to structure my idea.

From Understanding the Narrative Theory and how it applies to Synopsis, there has to be an equilibrium or balance between opposing forces. My film 'Strangers Amongst Us' is set on planet earth (emphasis is focused mainly in the UK), so in my case there is a balance between the inhabitants (humans) in planet earth (who are the Protagonists in the story) and the intergalatic alien creatures creatures from deep space (Antagonists). 

The next process is that there is a disruption in the equilibrium, things are no longer balanced (the humans interefered with alien culture or aliens invaded earth). In my Story, which is set in present times, the disruption in equilibrium actually started 30 years ago when a UFO which crashed into the River Humber (just a few metres off the Southern Coast of Hull). The UFO, which contained creatures foreign to planet earth had been shot down by Military Personnel and quarantined.

Re-equilibrium had happened from that very moment and the threat was neutralized immediately, only thing is that the general public had no idea what the object was, Official News reports from the government claimed that 'it was just a telecommunications satellite,' when in fact that wasn't the truth. A top secret scientific research group called NWRD (New World Research & Development) which works with the government would continue to keep the beasts in quarantine where they would perform very dangerous experiments which involved genetic modefication with human DNA.

Interestingly enough, it is actually the humans which would cause the disruption in equilibrium (2nd disruption) when 30 years later this procedure would prove to become disasterous when an experiment goes wrong, triggering a massive explosion of one of the main generators which powered the facility, causing damage to one of the cells which contained the genetically modified creatures. The beasts, which were cloned and have multiplied in numbers are now free to roam planet earth, cause havoc by making contact with their intergalatic bretheren who will then invade earth causing widespread damage. I find this really interesting because it's like there's two thing's happening here at once, two things which caused a disruption in the equilibrium, although the main one was the explosion in the laboratory.

Now it is up to three PHD students who were part of this project (but had left a few months prior to the catastrophe) along with assistance from the government and the military to save the world. They do this by taking DNA samples from infected humans to find a reverse/cure, this is the 'quest' aspect of the narrative theory as the humans are attempting to repair the damage which was made.

Everything will be back to normal (this is the re-equilibrium aspect of my Synopsis) when Military forces across the world destroy the alien forces with the assistance of the PHD students who found a cure for the millions of people that were infected across the world. Even though there is a balance again, the equilibrium at this time is different from the way it was from the very start. Something happened (explosion from experiment, beasts escaping) caused something else to happen (alien creatures contacting their alien brethren and infecting millions across the world) - This is the 'cause & effect.' In the end of my story it turns out that the NWRD will become defunct, no longer in operation and the government will work more closely with the general public - this means that even though things are balanced again, it is not the same and things have changed. 

Tuesday 26 November 2013

Mass Communication (Media Theories)



My Notes
(Notes I made from lesson and in my spare time on Mass Communication)

Uses and Gratification Theory

Uses and Gratifications Theory (by Blumier and Katz, 1974) is a way of understanding how and why do people seek the media to Satisfy their needs. It is also a way of  understanding the effects of mass-communication through focus on specific groups & audiences.


Attributes of the Theory

-Understanding the Media from the audience's point of view (decoded) rather than the product itself (the source).
-It's an active audience theory, not passive because it suggests that the audience is actively engaged.
-We use the Media to Gratify our needs, we want to feel like we belong somewhere.
-We're very selective of media products. There are thousands out there, we won't choose all and that we'd only choose specific ones.

Uses and Gratifications (deconstructed)

There are certain forms of Uses and Gratifications that are sub-categorised and look at the specific effects and uses of the Theory-Combined, these form the Theory itself.

1. Surveillance 




This is the implication that people will feel better as long as they are aware of what's happening in the world around them. It suggests that we as individuals have a need to feel 'safe' and 'secure' around our environments and as long as we are aware of what's happening in the world, we feel satisfied because the media gives us things to talk about. For example, following up episodes of Doctor Who (a very popular british TV program)- a lot of people in Britain enjoy watching it. So me as an individual who've come all the way from the Caribbean (knowing nothing about the TV program) will go and watch it too because all of my friends are talking about it and how good it is so I watch it too to have something to talk about as well (that sense of acceptance).

2. Personal Identity


This is an aspect of the theory which suggests that the media allows us to form our personalities based on what we consume. As individuals we're very selective, we choose which attributes portrayed by different media personalities that we want to adopt. However, regardless of us having 'free will' to choose we're often influenced by our peers & surroundings; The idea that Society shapes us instead of us shaping Society. It allows us to aspire and look at celebrities/famous people as role models, giving you something to relate to.

3. Personal Relationships with the Media


People use the media as a method of diversion to ignore problems we face in life. Often, we as individuals can feel like scapegoats- lost, confused or hurt and in need of a solution or problem- something to ease the pain. That's why we form relationships with the media such as TV, Radio, Social Media (Facebook/Twitter) - we look for something to relate to and fill that void. Although as individuals we're not entirely depedent on the Media to gratify ourselves. However, in some extreme cases there are actually people out there in the world which their only friend would be the media; that's sad to say but true.

What does all of this link to?

Maslow's Heirachy of needs suggest that as individuals we have needs in order to fulfill 'self.' It comes in the form of a pyramid, starting with the most important needs at the bottom and the least important things at the top. The uses and Gratifications theory links in well with this because all it is about self gratification.
 


 Criticisms of Uses and Gratifications
 -One of the biggest problems of Uses and Gratifications is that it's very limiting, in a sense that viewers of Telivision for example may not know why they chose to watch what they did or explain the reasons fully as to why they did. People may just offer reasons from which others may have mentioned about it. Something more promising would be to study the viewers whilst they were watching the TV program.

-Another problem is that (with viewers having a choice of what media texts & genres to consume) we may over-emphasize our chosen media forms & genres for our pre-determined use.

-We are often made to think that the media will always be there for us and that it satisfies us BUT how can that be true when we have no control over what we see. The media often has these one-sided opinions about certain things and can be very biased because they have the power and we can sometimes be helpless to this as individuals.  
Two Step Flow 

The two step flow of communication suggests that people form opinions under the influence of opinion leaders, people who decode & interpret media texts. It's said that we are more likely to purchase a product if it has been recommended to us by someone (opinion leader). One of the key things that makes it effective is that it allows for socialization and interaction- you're more likely to believe the writer of an article (if he/she is talking in person to you) than simply reading the article itself.

My Media Product 'Strangers Amongst Us' (Film/Film Trailer)

Looking at the uses and gratifications theory & two step flow, in relation to my media product. It's fair to say the audience which it will get most attention from will be Sci-Fi fans. Especially enthusiasts because it will allow them to relate to it by giving them something to talk about, 'A new upcoming film' that's always interesting to talk about and since it's a film trailer, only certain bits of the actual movie is shown.
We know the point of a film trailer is to convince people to go watch the film and because a trailer is nothing more than a compilation of innuendos, viewers (especially Sci-Fi fans) can only have pre-conceived ideas, they're not entirely sure what the film is about. This will allow them to share their thoughts about my film trailer like for example there is a scene at the end of the trailer where 'Julie' is seen walking through a forest, lost and looking for her friends (Joe and Steve) and then an object which appears to be a hand just reaches out and grabs her and then everything goes black.
This leaves them puzzled and perplexed, wondering what may have happened to her- she could have been captured by one of the alien creatures, restrained by one of her friends or a military personnel. This is where the surveillance aspect of the Uses & Gratifications theory comes in- this cliffhanger serves as a good debate for Sci-Fi fans; Filled with anxiety, they can only anticipate and make presumptions (decode/interpret) of what may happened to her in the film.
Interestingly enough, these same group of people (Sci-Fi fans & analysts) become opinion leaders and they share their views on the film to other people. This can be done in several ways, but the most influential and powerful of all ways would be through social media.
My film trailer is uploaded on YouTube and since it's horizontally integrated with Facebook, these opinion leaders can share my video straight from YouTube, onto their Facebook wall. 9 times out of 10 it is guarunteed that they will write something about the trailer and give their thoughts, even though it may be in the form of a short quote.  
Me as the Producer will find it quite amusing to see the response it will get from the viewers because I'm the one who encoded the video and put it all together- I know what's going to happen to Julie, they don't. You can argue that the hypodermic needle theory isn't really effective, because even though I may have had my own intentions when making the trailer, to the audience, they may interpret the text in their own way and not really get the point that I intended to get across.

Friday 22 November 2013

Composition & Viewpoint (Camera angles & framing)

In photography as well as cinematography there are certain 'rules of thumb' (compositional techniques) that apply to both. These are Rule of Thirds, Rule of Space and Rule of odds.

Rule of Thirds

This is a visual guideline used in both still image and moving image production. The idea is that the main subject or main point of interest is properly framed using imaginary grids called 'Thirds' in the viewfinder/Screen.

Rule of Space
 

Rule of space, this technique works in sync with the rule of thirds. It is a compositional technique used in still image & moving image production and the idea is that you have to leave negative space into the direction the subject or main object is looking into/moving towards.
 
Rule of Odds



 
This is a principle, predominantly used in photography which suggests that a photograph is perfectly balanced when there's an uneven number of subjects/objects surrounding the main area or point of interest. This technique is also used in moving image production but more common to still images.
 
Types of Shots
 
Here are examples of types of framings and camera angles used in moving image production. A shot selection is the difference maker in a text, they can be used to create certain moods and effects. For example, a low angle shot gives the impression of an object being much bigger than it actually appears and may seem quite intimidating.
 
 
 

Health & Safety Precautionary Meausures

During filming it is a 'must' to have a Health & Safety contigency plan because everyone involved is exposed to numerous risks and hazards, especially the artist (star). Here is a list of potential risks that we may experience during the filming of my media text and measures to be taken before it happens and how to respond in an event something may happen.

 

Job Roles (Production Crew)


Here's a list of all the different job roles assigned to different people with expertise in various areas, together they make a film & production crew. There's several and these are divided into sub-categories; these key people all work together to make a moving image text happen.  

These are as follows:


KEY CREATIVE TEAM
These guys are 'vital' key members of a production team, without them 'nothing' will happen, regardless of all the other people you might have. They are: The Producer, The Director and the Screenwriter.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
This area is divided into sub-categories of different 'managers/supervisors' for the different teams involved. These set of people are crucial to a production team because they are the ones who gather everyone that make up a team.  

SCRIPT DEPARTMENT

These are the people who are responsible for coming up with the concept, an idea. They're also responsible for writing the screenplay and scripts for a moving image text.

LOCATION DEPARTMENT

As its title suggest these are the people responsible for finding, securing, managing & finding out costs to hire/rent locations. These are the guys that are the first to arrive on location/set as well as the last to leave the set/location.

CAMERA DEPARTMENT

These guys go just what their name suggest. They are a group of experts responsible for the cinematography & how lighting affects the mise-en-scene of a media text. These set of people work very closely with the Director.

SOUND DEPARTMENT

These guys are responsible for managing the sound equipment of a production, making sure that audio levels remain consistent as well as adjusting audio for desired sound effects during filming. The famous 'boom operator' is part of this vital department.

LIGHTING & ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

These people are responsible for controlling the lighting and electrical equipment on set, they work closely with the camera department.
 

ART DEPARTMENT

This group is the most creative aspect of the film crew. They are the masters of art responsible for the props, the overall look and appearance of the mise-en-scene of a production.

HAIR, MAKEUP & WARDROBE DEPARTMENT

This department is responsible for taking care of the artist(s) or actor(s) cosmetic needs. They are also responsible for managing, outfits, costumes as well as designing them.  

POST PRODUCTION

This group of people are responsible for creating the moving image text (putting the footage with sound) as well as adding special/visual effects to the finished product. They work closely with the sound technician as well as the director. 
 
 
 
Since I'm not a millionaire and cannot afford to hire people and put a production crew together I have to be very dynamic and flexible in terms of production. I have to be the Director, the Producer, the screenwriter, camera operator, sound engineer, director of photography, lighting technician and the post production crew (editing, visual effects). This is one of the main reasons why I enjoy this project because it teaches you to be an independent learner and many you develop a set of skills honed through coordination & time management.

Thursday 21 November 2013

Progress Assessment (To-do List)

After nearly 3 months into Production I thought I'd sit and analyse my current progress and point out work that might be outstanding and things that I need to touch up on. I felt this was necessary because I think I was getting a bit too relaxed and getting complacent when there are several other things which I could have been working on.

Here's what I will be doing over the course of the remain week in November 2013:


-A post showing different types of camera framing.
-Ratings for films (E, M, PG etc.)
-Health and Safety Stuff.
-Job Roles in the production (Who’s responsible for this, that etc.).
-New focus group video with my housemates.
-Audience’s Reaction to the Genre you chosen (people in theatre watching the film)
-Write your findings for your focus group (what did the audience say)
-Risk Assessment (Talk about what you can do if people were to get injured).
-Storyboard (Do it on Prezzi with the text or powerpoint) and Anamatic (do it on adobe premiere or movie makier).
-Location Shots (talk about them)
-Costume Ideas.
-Video yourself, talk about your progress so far.
-Talk about media theories and how they relate to your work.
-Demographics Research (Psychographics-Male/Female Ratio)
-Moodboards for Ideas.